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Some easily confused verbs

4/3/2016

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The following words have similar sounds (and in some cases, related meanings); some of them may be easily-confused by learners of Estonian.
Keep in mind that certain sounds added to verbs change the meaning in predictable ways.  For example, -ta- added before the infinitive ending indicates that the action is causative or transitive (i.e., the subject causes the action to happen to something else). In other words, kasvama means "to grow", while kasvatama means "to raise, to cultivate".  


arvama = to think, to believe, to figure, to guess
arvestama = to bargain for, to count on
arvustama = to criticize
arvutama = to calculate, to compute

asuma = to be located, to dwell, to reside, to commence
asutama = to establish
asundama  = to displace, to colonize
asustama = to colonize, to populate
asendama
= to replace
asenduma - to be replaced
asetama = to place, to lay, to situate
asetsema = to be located, to be situated
asetuma = to take place

määrama = to determine, to identify
määrima = to lubricate, to grease, to spread
määratlema = to define, to specify
määrduma = to soil

tekitama = to cause, to bring forth, to generate 
tekkima =  to originate, to come into being
tegima = to do, to make
tegelema = to deal with
tegutsema = to act, to operate, to do
​
toimuma: to happen, to take place
toimima: to act as
toimetama: to edit, to take

​​tundma = to feel
tunduma = to seem, to look
tunnustama = to recognize, to acknowledge
tunnistama = to witness, to admit, to confess

ulama = to hang around 
ulatama = to pass, to hand
ulatuma = to amount to, to reach, to stretch
ulatsema  = to behave mischievously

unistama = to dream
unustama = to forget
ununema = to fade from memory


​
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