Estonian and Finnish directions / eesti ja soome ilmakaared. Image source (pildi allikas): Jimpaz via Wikimedia Commons. |
Estonian (standard and most dialects, including Võru): põhi
Votic: põhja
Finnish: pohjoinen
Ingrian: pohja
Ludic: pohď
Livonian: pūoj
Veps: pohjoine
Viena Karelian: pohjoine
South Karelian: pohjońi
Tver Karelian: pohjatuuli
Aunuse Karelian: pohďaine
Estonian's word for "northeast," kirre, is rather unique, shared only with Ingrian and Votic. The other Finnic languages have words for "northeast" as well, but they aren't etymologically related to Estonian's word kirre.
Estonian (standard, but not some of the dialects): kirre
Ingrian: kirre
Votic: cirre
The Finnish word is koillinen, related to Viena Karelian's koilińi, South Karelian's koiľľińi, and Aunuse Karelian's koiľľińe.
Estonian's word for "east," ida, is shared by many other Finnic languages. However, it some of these other languages its meaning is "northeast" rather than "east".
Estonian (standard, but not some of the dialects): ida, meaning: east
Estonian (Lüganuse dialect): ida, meaning: northeast
Estonian (Kihnu dialect): idä, meaning: northeast
Votic: itä, meaning: east
Finnish: itä, meaning: east
Ingrian: itä, meaning: east
Livonian: idā, meaning: northeast
The Estonian word for "southeast," kagu, is shared by only a few of the Finnic languages, and means "southeast" in all of them (no meaning shifts here):
Estonian (standard and some of the dialects): kagu
Estonian (Lüganuse dialect): kakko
Votic: kaako
Ingrian: kaakkoi
Finnish: kaakko
The Estonian word for "south," lõuna, has many shifts in meaning; in some Finnic languages it means "south," in others "southeast," and in others "southwest":
Estonian (standard, but not some of the dialects): lõuna, meaning: south
Estonian (Lüganuse dialect): lõunet, meaning: south
Estonian (Kihnu dialect): lõona, meaning: southeast
Võru: lõunõq, meaning: south
Votic: lõunaz, meaning: south
Finnish: lounas, meaning: southwest
Ingrian: lounaz, meaning: south
Livonian: lȭnag, meaning: southeast
Viena Karelian: lounaštuuli, meaning: southwest
South Karelian: lounaštuuli, meaning: southwest
Tver Karelian: louna, meaning: southwest
Aunuse Karelian: lounaine , meaning: southwest
The Estonian word for "southwest," edel, means either "south" or "southwest" in other Finnic languages:
Estonian (standard, but not some of the dialects): edel, meaning: southwest
Estonian (Lüganuse dialect): ädal, meaning: southwest
Estonian (Kihnu dialect): edäl, meaning: south
Votic: etelä, meaning: southwest
Finnish: etelä, meaning: south
Ingrian: etteelä, meaning: southwest
Livonian: jedāl, meaning: south
Veps: ehtbok, meaning southwest
The Estonian word for "west," lääs, similarly means either "west" or "southwest" in other Finnic languages:
Estonian (standard, but not some of the dialects): lääs, meaning: west
Estonian (Lüganuse dialect): läns, meaning: west
Estonian (Kihnu dialect): liäs, meaning both south and southwest
Estonian (Muhu dialect): leas, meaning southwest
Votic: länsi, meaning: west
Finnish: länsi, meaning: west
Ingrian: läns, meaning: west
Livonian: lēņtš, meaning: southwest
Last but not least, Estonian's word for "northwest", loe, means either "west," "northwest", or, in some cases, both:
Estonian (standard, but not some of the dialects): loe, meaning: northwest
Estonian (Lüganuse dialect): loode*, meaning: northwest
Estonian (Kihnu dialect): luõdõ, meaning: northwest
Võru: loodõh, meaning: northwest
Votic: looõ, meaning: northwest
Finnish: luode, meaning: northwest
Ingrian: looe, meaning: northwest
Ludic: luodeh, meaning west
Livonian: lūod, meaning: northwest
Veps: lodeh, meaning both west and northwest
Viena Karelian: luoteh, meaning both west and northwest
South Karelian: luodeh, meaning west, and luueh, meaning northwest
Aunuse Karelian: luodeh, meaning both west and northwest
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Image source (pildi allikas): Jimpaz via Wikimedia Commons.